Effect of processing on the proximate and phytochemical compositions of sun-dried dandelion (taraxacum officinale) leaf meal
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This study evaluated the proximate and phytochemical compositions of sun-dried Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf meal (DLM) subjected to blanching (1.5–4.5 minutes) and soaking (1–3 hours) to assess its potential as a livestock feed supplement. Proximate analysis revealed that crude protein (12.11–17.50%) and ether extract (1.64–4.50%) declined significantly (p<0.05) with prolonged blanching, while nitrogen-free extract increased (46.50–57.28%). Moisture content decreased with processing, but dry matter and gross energy remained stable. Metabolizable energy (2596.57–2666.35 kcal/kg) was highest in untreated controls. Phytochemical screening showed higher bioactive compound retention in ethanol extracts than aqueous extracts. Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols were strongly present in controls but degraded with processing, particularly under extended blanching (B3). Quantitative analysis confirmed significant losses (p<0.05): alkaloids (1.10% to 0.04%), flavonoids (1.50% to 0.03%), and polyphenols (3.00% to 0.05%) in B3. Soaking (S1) preserved more phytochemicals than blanching, suggesting lower temperature processing better retains nutraceutical value. The study concludes that sun-dried DLM is a nutritionally rich feed resource, but processing methods critically impact its composition. Unprocessed or short-duration soaking is recommended to maximize retention of proteins, lipids, and bioactive compounds, while prolonged blanching should be avoided due to nutrient leaching and thermal degradation. These findings support DLM’s potential as a sustainable, low-cost feed supplement, provided optimal processing techniques are employed.
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