Effects of varieties and fertilizer application on soil properties and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Field experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the effects of varieties and fertilizer application rates on soil properties and yield of sesame at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of three sesame varieties (Jigida, NCRIBEN-01M and NCRIBEN-032) and four rates of NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer (0, 50,100 and 150kg ha-1). The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. Composite surface (0-30cm) soil samples were collected prior to planting and after harvest. Data collected include number of capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, length of capsule (cm), 1000 seeds capsule weight (g), 1000 seeds weight (g) and seed yield (tha-1). Data were subjected to analysis and significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability. Results indicated that improved varieties (NCRIBEN-01M and NCRIBEN-032) performed better than local variety in terms of yield in both cropping seasons. Sesame yield increased with increase in fertilizer rates up to 150 kgha-1. The highest yield obtained in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons was 0.54 and 0.44 tha-1 respectively. The effects of varieties on soil properties did not differ significantly however, the improved
varieties left lower essential nutrients in soil when compared with the local variety. Fertilizer application at 150 kgha-1
gave a slight increase in soil nutrient and is hereby recommended for sustainable sesame production in the study area.
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