Clay mineralogy and chemistry of selected soils in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Understanding the composition and behavior of clay minerals is essential for better management of soils to perform ecosystem services. This research onclay mineralogy and chemistry of selected soils in northern Cross River State was aimed to identify the clay minerals and relate them to the chemistry of the soils for sustainable management. Fifteen soil samples were collected at designated horizons from profiles dug at four land uses; wetland, forest, grassland and farmland in the study area. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the soil was done using SIEMENS D5005 diffractometer model. The intensities of clay were obtained by using the relative intensities of individual peaks of gibbsite (4.96A0), quartz (3.3A0), kaolinite (7.18A0), montmorrilonite (10A0), vermiculite (14A0), and mica (180) shoulder. The clay minerals identified were vermiculite, montmorillonite, kaolinite,illite, polygorskite, quartz and hematite. From the results vermiculite was > 30 % in wetland and forest, 15-30 % in grassland and farmland, montmorillonite 15-30 % in wetland and farmland, 7-15 % in forest and < 7 % in grassland while kaolinite was 15-30 % in wetland and > 30 % in forest and grassland. It was concluded that wetland soils had more 2:1 clays than other land uses and therefore will tend to hold more nutrients.
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