Optimizing Composting Ratios of Cassava Peels and Pig Manure for Enhanced Compost
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The management of agro-processing has become an environmental issue in many developing countries. This study investigated the composting of cassava peels and pig manure to produce a nutrient-rich organic amendment for enhancing soil fertility. Seven composting ratios, by weight (w/w), of cassava peels and pig manure (cassava + pig manure: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2, 1:3, and cassava peel and pig manure alone) were examined. Composting temperatures, moisture content, pH, nutrient composition, and microbial activity were monitored over 12 weeks to determine the optimal combination for optimizing nutrients in the compost. The results showed that moisture content, pH value, C:N ratio, total nitrogen, organic carbon, Ca2+, Mg2+, K2+, Na2+, bacterial and fungal colony-forming units varied among the seven composts. The cassava peel-to-pig manure ratio of 1:1 provided the most favourable conditions, with slightly higher terminal pH values of 6.6, moisture content of 30%, C:N ratio: 11.85, total nitrogen: 0.6%, organic carbon: 7.34%, Ca2+: 8.8 cmol/kg, Mg2+: 13.87 cmol/kg, K2+: 0.18 cmol/kg, Na2+: 0.14 cmol/kg, and bacteria and fungi counts of 1.88 x 106 CFU and 1.7 x 103 CFU, respectively. The compost maturity of the cassava peel-to-pig manure ratio at 1:1 ratio indicated effective decomposition. This research findings support composting these agricultural wastes, not only to reduce environmental pollution but also to provide a viable manure for soil fertility management.
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